Dr. Roberta Bondar Biography

Dr. Roberta Bondar Biography Doctor Roberta Bondar is a neurologist and a researcher of the nervous system. For More than a  decade she was NASAs head of space medicine. She was one of the six original Canadian astronauts selected in 1983. In 1992 Roberta Bondar became the first Canadian woman and the second Canadian astronaut to go into space. She spent eight days in space. After her return from space, Roberta Bondar left the Canadian Space Agency and continued her research. She also developed a new career as a nature photographer. While Chancellor of Trent University from 2003 to 2009, Roberta Bondar demonstrated her commitment to environmental science and life-long learning and was an inspiration to students, alumni, and scientists. She has received over 22 honorary degrees.   Roberta Bondar as a Child As a child, Roberta Bondar was interested in science. She enjoyed animal and science fairs. She even built a lab in her basement with her father. She enjoyed doing scientific experiments there. Her love of science would be evident throughout her life. Roberta Bondar Space Mission Payload Specialist on Space Mission S-42  - Space Shuttle Discovery - January 22-30, 1992 Birth December 4, 1945 in Sault Ste Marie, Ontario Education BSc in Zoology and Agriculture - University of GuelphMSc in Experimental Pathology - University of Western OntarioPhD in Neurobiology - University of TorontoMD - McMaster UniversityInternship in Internal Medicine - Toronto General HospitalPost-graduate medical training at the University of Western Ontario, at Tufts New England Medical Center in Boston and at the Playfair Neuroscience Unit of Toronto Western Hospital Facts About Roberta Bondar, Astronaut Roberta Bondar was one of the first six Canadians astronauts selected in 1983.She began astronaut training at NASA in February 1984.Roberta Bondar became chairperson of the Canadian Life Sciences Subcommittee for the Space Station in 1985.She also served as a member of the Premiers Council on Science and Technology.In 1992 Roberta Bondar flew as a payload specialist on the space shuttle Discovery. During the space mission, she conducted a complex set of microgravity experiments.Roberta Bondar left the Canadian Space Agency in September 1992.For the next 10 years, Roberta Bondar led a research team at NASA studying information from dozens of space missions to analyze the bodys mechanisms for recovering from exposure to space. Roberta Bondar, Photographer, and Author Dr. Roberta Bondar has taken her experience as a scientist, doctor, and astronaut and applied it to landscape and nature photography, sometimes in the most extreme physical locations on earth. Her photographs are displayed in many collections and she has also published four books: Landscape of DreamsPassionate Vision: Discovering Canadas National ParksThe Arid Edge of EarthTouching the Earth

Zulu War Vocabulary

Zulu War Vocabulary The following is a list of common Zulu terms relevant to Zulu war culture and especially the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Zulu War Vocabulary isAngoma (plural: izAngoma): diviner, in contact with ancestral spirits, witch doctor.iBandla (plural: amaBandla): tribal council, assembly, and the members thereof.iBandhla imhlope (plural: amaBandhla amhlope): a white assembly, a married regiment which was still required to attend all the kings musters, rather than live in semi-retirement.iBeshu (plural: amaBeshu): calf-skin flap covering the buttocks, part of the basic umutsha costume.umBhumbluzo (plural: abaBhumbuluzo): Shorter war shield introduced by Cetshwayo in the 1850s during the civil war against Mbuyazi. Only 3.5 feet long compared to the longer traditional war shield, isihlangu, which measures t least 4 foot.iButho (plural: amaButho): regiment (or guild) of Zulu warriors, based on age-group. Sub-divided into amaviyo.isiCoco (plural: iziCoco): married Zulus headring made from binding a ring of fibre into the hair, coated in a mixture of charcoal and gum, and polished with beeswax. It was a common practice to share part or all of the rest of the head to accentuate the presence of the isicoco - although this varied from one Zulu to the next, and shaving the hair not a required part of a warriors costume. inDuna (plural: izinDuna): a state official appointed by the king, or by a local chief. Also commander of group of warriors. Various levels of responsibility occurred, rank would be indicated by the amount of personal decoration – see inGxotha, isiQu.isiFuba (plural: iziFuba): the chest, or centre, of the traditional Zulu attack formation.isiGaba (plural: iziGaba): a group of related amaviyo within a single ibutho.isiGodlo (plural: iziGodlo): the king, or a chiefs, residence found at the upper end of his homestead. Also the term for the women in the kings household.inGxotha (plural: izinGxotha): heavy brass arm-band awarded for by the Zulu king for outstanding service or bravery.isiHlangu (plural: iziHlangu): traditional large war shield, approximately 4 foot long.isiJula (plural: iziJula): short-bladed throwing spear, used in battle.iKhanda (plural: amaKhanda): military barracks where an ibutho was stationed, bequested to the regiment by the king.umKhonto (plural: imiKhonto): general term for a spear. umKhosi (plural: imiKhosi): first fruits ceremony, held annually.umKhumbi (plural: imiKhumbi): an assembly (of men) held in a circle.isiKhulu (plural: iziKhulu): literally great one, a high ranking warrior, decorated for bravery and service, or an important person in the Zulu hierarchy, a member of a council of elders.iKlwa (plural: amaKlwa): Shakan stabbing-spear, otherwise known as an assegai.iMpi (plural: iziMpi): Zulu army, and word meaning war.isiNene (plural: iziNene): twisted strips of either civet, green monkey (insamango), or genet fur hanging as tails in front of the genitals as part of the umutsha.. Senior ranked warriors would have a multi-coloured isinene made from two or more different furs twisted together.iNkatha (plural: iziNkatha): the sacred grass coil, a symbol of the Zulu nation.umNcedo (plural: abaNcedo): plaited grass sheath used to cover male genitals. Most basic form of Zulu costume.iNsizwa (plural: iziNsizwa): unmarried Zulu, a young man. Youth was a term re lated to lack of marital status rather than actual age. umNtwana (plural: abaNtwana): Zulu prince, member of the Royal house and son of the king.umNumzane (plural: abaNumzane): the headman of a homestead.iNyanga (plural: iziNyanga): traditional herbal doctor, medicine man.isiPhapha (plural: iziPhapha): throwing-spear, usually with a short, broad blade, used for hunting game.uPhaphe (plural: oPhaphe): feathers used to decorate the headdress:iNdwa: the Blue Crane, has long (roughly 8 inches), graceful slate-grey tail feathers. Single feather used at front of umqhele headress, or one placed either side. Mainly used by higher ranking warriors.iSakabuli: the Longtailed Widow, the breeding male has a long (up to 1 foot) black tail feathers. The feathers were often tied to porcupine quills and fixed inside the headband. Sometimes woven into a basketwork ball, umnyakanya, and worn at the front of the umqhele headband, denoting an unmarried ibutho.iNtshe: the ostrich, both black and white feathers used. White tail-feathers significantly longer (1. 5 feet) than the black body-feathers.iGwalagwala: Knysna Lourie and the Purple-crested Lourie, green to greenish black tail feather (eight inches long) and crimson/metallic purple feathers from wings (four inches). Bunches of these feathers were used for the headdresses of very high ranking warriors. iPhovela (plural: amaPhovela): headdress made of stiffened cow-skin, usually in the form of two horns. worn by unmarried regiments. Often decorated with feathers (see ophaphe).uPondo (plural: izimPondo): the horns, or wings, of the traditional Zulu attack formation.umQhele (plural: imiQhele): Zulu warriors headband. Made from a tube of fur padded out with dried bull-rushes or cow dung. Junior regiments would wear imiqhele made from leopard skin, senior regiments would have otter skin. Would also have amabheqe, ear-flaps made from the pelt of the Samango monkey, and isinene tails hanging from the back.isiQu (plural: iziQu): bravery necklace made from interlocking wooden beads, presented to the warrior by the king.iShoba (plural: amaShoba): tufted cow-tails, formed by flaying part of the hide with tail attached. Used for arm- and leg- fringes (imiShokobezi), and for necklaces.umShokobezi (plural: imiShokobezi): cow-tail decorations worn on the arms and/or legs.amaSi (plural only): curd led milk, staple diet of the Zulu. umThakathi (plural: abaThakathi): wizard, sorcerer, or witch.umuTsha (plural: imiTsha): loincloth, basic Zulu outfit, worn over the umncedo. Consists of a thin belt made of cow hide with ibeshu, a soft calf-skin flap over the buttocks, and isinene, twisted strips of either civet, Samango monkey or genet fur hanging as tails in front of the genitals.uTshwala: thick, creamy sorghum beer, rich in nutrients.umuVa (plural: imiVa): Zulu army reserves.iViyo (plural: amaViyo): a company-sized group of Zulu warriors, usually between 50 and 200 men. Would be commanded by a junior level induna.iWisa (plural: amaWisa): knobkerrie, a knob-headed stick or war club used to bash out the brains of a foe.umuZi (plural: imiZi): a family-based village or homestead, also the people who live there.

Philosophy of Life after Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy of Life after Death - Essay Example This paper illustrates that, first, the concept of dualism makes one belief in life after death. Dualism is a belief that people exist in both material and nonmaterial nature, which seem to be independent of each other. According to Taylor, dualists argue that human beings consist of body and soul, the latter being the center if the character and mental element. In dualist, thinking the body is less significant since it is only a carrier of the soul, which survives after the end of the body. Some activities in our lives, for instance, to detect, to will, to consider are totally independent of the physical being, which makes sense in believing in dualism. Descartes, as quoted in seven oaks philosophy website, argues, â€Å"considered the human soul simple, indivisible and indestructible, and thus able to maintain its existence after the death of the body†. One will tend to ask what form a body will take on the next life now that the body is no more. Dualism assumes that life af ter death is continuous and that souls and spirits no longer live in bodies. One measure to self is a solid form, which one must bear even after death. Therefore, dualism fails in this criterion in that the afterlife form do not have bodies to connect with, which means they acquire different forms all together. In the resurrection, Christians believe that sinners get their punishments in purgatory and the saints enjoy in heaven. The inquiry one will ask is how a sinner in the spirit body will feel the pain inflicted on him in hell, or how a saint will enjoy without the physical form. These questions arise because pleasure and pain come to the physical body and not to the soul. Assumptions in dualism prove that there is no life after death. Secondly, the philosophical believes of materialism is not a strong enough support in life after death. In materialism, persons are assumed to rejuvenate and receive the same type of body after death. The lives lived by the resurrected persons com pares with their early life on earth in many ways. They live in a perfect world where they do all they want: good food, walk on bright paths, do not become ill, do not sin, and they have ample possessions. The major concern that arises is how the older person compares to the new person. Can we still prove it is the same person? According to Barnes as quoted in seven oaks philosophical website, â€Å"we cannot imagine ourselves living in heaven or paradise and still being ourselves: if our flaws are corrected, our disabilities removed, our needs and wants to be satisfied, are we still in any meaningful sense the same person?† Assumptions in a materialistic approach to resurrection fail to meet the criterion of identity. The transformation of the persons who die to the new heavenly body without flaws, disabilities, or needs means that the two bodies are two entities altogether. To me, the process of life after death is an impossibility through resurrection. Consider a human bei ng who is a cannibal.

Company Audit for Darden Restaurants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company Audit for Darden Restaurants - Essay Example For example, the company takes advantage of the contemporary trends in demand towards national cuisine and healthy dining by introduction of the new brands and formats, e.g. Bahama Breeze and Seasons 52. It addresses the growing competition from the other established chain operators, as well as local restaurants, by constant improvement of the operational activities and emphasis on market research and product improvement. Darden Restaurants is a leader in the casual dining market. Its position, however, is constantly challenged by the two closest competitors, namely Applebee's International and Brinker International. Both operators have established position in the hospitality industry and currently operate big chains of company-owned restaurants under Applebee's brand (Applebee's International) and Rockfish, Chilli's, Romano Macaroni Grill, Maggiano's, On the Other Border Mexican Grill brands (Brinker International). The areas of strength include market share, financial position, and advertising. Darden Restaurants Company is leading with regard to the most influential factors, including product quality, management, and market share. However, the company can improve its standing in terms of global expansion, pricing strategy and gaining customer loyalty. The Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (see below) was constructed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the functional areas of the Darden Restaurants Company. The strengths and weaknesses are chosen based on how they affect the ability of the chain to take advantage of the external opportunities and limit or control the risks. Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (IFE) Key Internal Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Internal Strengths Financial position (revenues and net income) .15 4 .60 Steady growth for several years in revenues and EPS .10 4 .40 Marketing research .10 4 .40 Constant brand

Elderly Care Ministry Proposal Essay Example for Free

Elderly Care Ministry Proposal Essay We are grateful to our church elders for recognizing the need to minister to the elderly people who reside in our community’s assisted living facility, and for their desire to impact the residents, their families and over time the community at large with the love of Jesus Christ. We appreciate the confidence and support bestowed upon us in designing a ministry plan to care for both member and non-member elderly residents. It is our goal to establish a ministry that will be the â€Å"hands and feet† of Christ, exemplifying His love and care for the aging in an encouraging positive manner through ministry programs that are relevant and meaningful. Working in conjunction with our local assisted living facility which greatly welcomes volunteer assistance, each ministry leader has prepared a proposal for a particular area that has been identified as pertinent to aging adults. The following proposal is divided into seven sub-ministry areas, identifying the dynamic relationship on aging and the impact our ministries will make: Exercise The purpose of exercise in the context of this ministry to aging adults is to assist in overall physical health and mental acuity and aid in an enjoyable time of social interaction to enhance one’s overall quality of life. Time with older adults will offer the leaders and team members an opportunity to interact and build relationships with people leading to spiritual conversations and encouragement. Research Older adults who exercise regularly may slow the onset and progression of chronic disease and limit the development of disabling conditions while increasing active life expectancy, and may experience significant psychological and cognitive benefits (Chodzko-Zajko, 2009). Guidelines from the American College of Sports Medicine regarding types and amounts of physical exercise for older adults include consistent aerobic exercise, muscular strength training, and flexibility (Chodzko-Zajko, 2009). Other studies suggest that physical exercise may be as effective as drug treatment for cognitive impairment in the aging brain (Asha, 2009). Scientific studies recommend that staying physically active, eating a heart-healthy diet and having social involvement may help maintain not only body, but also brain health (Corwin, 2009). Implementation The activities director at this facility leads a physical exercise session with the residents each morning five days a week. There are a number of things this ministry can do to assist. As leaders and team members come to implement each area of ministry, they will make themselves available to develop friendships with the residents and encourage residents in physical exercise, in life, and in their walk with God, while welcoming others toward a relationship with Jesus Christ. 1. There is an ongoing need for educated speakers to encourage the residents regarding the overall health benefits of physical and cognitive exercise along with the impact of eating well and having an active social life. This ministry leader will invite individual believers in Christ who work in various fields related to physical exercise and health disciplines to come every other month to speak and encourage the residents. Presently we have in our church a wellness coordinator, a nurse, several medical students, an exercise physiologist, a strength trainer, a nutritionist, and a psychologist with a specialty in geriatrics, as well as a social worker who has worked with many senior citizens with cognitive impairments. Each of these individuals will be happy to make a presentation to the residents regarding the need for a consistent, healthy life style and why it is important for older adults. The speakers will be encouraged to end their presentation by addressing the following question from a biblical perspective, â€Å"Why should I care about exercise or want to improve my life when I won’t be around much longer?† and point out the worth each person has to God and the value they bring to every relationship, and to life in general (Psalm 139, New International Version). 2. Many of the residents are unable to go outside for walks unassisted. A team of people have volunteered to visit on a regular basis to walk outside with residents, and continue their walks and friendships inside in inclement weather. 3. The strength trainer at our church has volunteered to teach and assist residents in their use of weights and then lead a time of weight training on an ongoing basis as a part of this ministry. He will also train other members to assist and lead in this area of ministry. Included with his strength training he plans to talk about the strength found in Jesus Christ. 4. A dance instructor at our church has volunteered to do flexibility training along with teaching line dancing, even with a wheel chair section, and then hold dances every other month. Conclusion The improvements in offerings related to the area of exercise fulfill the ministry purpose of helping residents have a better quality of life, and the overall purpose of encouraging them through an expression of God’s love while pointing people to the hope found in Jesus Christ.

HuckleBerry Finn Character List :: essays papers

HuckleBerry Finn Character List He is the protagonist and narrator of the novel. Huck is a thirteen-year-old boy. Huck is dirty and frequently homeless. He was constantly forced to survive on his own wits. But Huck is thoughtful, â€Å"street smart† rather than â€Å"book smart†. In fact he was uneducated. He was always an outcast, he was willing to come to his own conclusions about important stuff, even if the conclusions frequently contradicted society's norms. Huck was easily influenced by others, particularly by his friend Tom. Jim He is one of Miss Watson’s household slaves. He is sometimes a little sentimental and very superstitious to the point where you might think he is stupid, but its because he knew the world around him. But he was also intelligent, practical, and I think, more of an adult than anyone else in the book. He became a replacement dad to Huck as well as a friend. Because he is a black man and a runaway slave, he was afraid of getting caught, so he became paranoid. Jim was at the mercy of almost all the other characters in the book. Tom Sawyer He was Huck's friend in this novel. He is everything that Huck is not. Tom's stubborn reliance on the "authorities" of romance novels leads him to acts of incredible stupidity and startling cruelty. His adherence to the uncivilized world gives him something in common with Huck. He learns to see through and alienate himself from the â€Å"forces† that try to civilize him. Pap Huck's father and the town drunk. When he appears at the beginning of the novel, he is a wreck, with pale white skin and decrepit old clothes. Illiterate himself, he disapproves of Huck’s education. Many surrogates are forced to care for his son. Pap represented â€Å"white trash†. Most of the black characters in the book were morally and physically better than he was. He was a dead-beat and abusive dad. Judge Thatcher Judge Thatcher shared responsibility for Huck with the Widow Douglas, and is in charge of safeguarding the money that Huck found. He takes responsibility for issues affecting the community as a whole. He cared for Huck. When Huck discovers that Pap had returned to town, he signed his fortune over to the Judge, instead of taking it, he promised to hold it for him. Judge Thatcher has a daughter, Becky, who was Tom's girlfriend in the earlier novel.

A Cultural Comparison of English and Chinese Family Names

Abstract The family names of humans are formed and used in the long process of the course of history and the development of society. Family names, being a part of culture, are closely related to history and culture. English and Chinese names are different in their origins and name orders, which is certain to be reflected in their perspective culture.Therefore an exploration of their reflections in the cultural aspects of historical development, feudal history, historical tradition, historical influence and current social situation will be beneficial for the deepening of English study and the mutual understanding and communication of the East and the West. Keywords: Cultural comparison, English family names, Chinese family names, Origin, Name order The word â€Å"culture† comes from the Latin root â€Å"colere† (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor).In general, it refers to human activity; different definitions of culture reflect different theories for understanding, or criteria for valuing, human activity. Culture is traditionally the oldest human character, its significant traces separating Homo from australopithecines, and Man from the Animals, though new discoveries are blurring these edges in our day. Sir Edward B. Tylor wrote in 1871 that â€Å"culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of ociety† while a 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the â€Å"set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or a social group and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs†. [UNESCO, 2002].It is generally accepted that language is part of culture. It carries culture, thus be influenced by culture. Names includin g family names, which is a part of language, are sure to reflect the distinct culture of the people using it.This paper intends to start from the English and Chinese family names from the perspectives of the origin and order so as to reveal their reflections on their own culture. A family name (in Western contexts often referred to as a last name or surname) is part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs. A family name is the most fundamental and most significant symbols showing the identification of the members of a society. The use of family names is widespread in cultures around the world, which means family names are part of culture.As far as English and Chinese names are concerned, their cultural differences can be shown in the origins of their family names and the different orders of their names so as to make us learn about the development history of a society or a nation and some other aspects of its culture, which is the purpose of this paper in tending to make an analysis between English and Chinese family names from their cultures reflected. 1. Cultural reflections of the origins of family names If we trace back into the origins of Chinese family names, we can see that Chinese family names are closely related to the development history of the Chinese nation.According to legend, family names started with Emperor Fu Xi in 2852 BC. His administration standardized the naming system in order to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. For scientific documentation that matrilineal surnames existed in China before the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC) and that â€Å"by the time of the Shang Dynasty they (Chinese surnames) had become patrilinea. † Therefore, what we can learn first is that the ancestors of the Chinese nation came from primitive society.When the Chinese nation went into class society, the emperors had the supreme powers in their hands in awarding lands and fields to those ministers who perfor med meritorious service to their reigns, establishing official positions. Their supreme power was best exemplified in granting a surname to a person when he was alive or after his death. In addition, in feudal societies, the emperors’ names was a taboo on every occasions. The origins of family names also showed that Chinese nation actually is combination of multiple nationalities, which is the same case for the British and American people.As for English family names, 226 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 11; November 2010 they have a relatively short history. Documents indicate that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and only slowly spread to the other parts of society. In Britain, hereditary surnames were adopted in the 13th and 14th centuries, initially by the aristocracy but eventually by everyone. By 1400, most English and Scottish people had acquired surnames, but many Scottish and Welsh people did not adopt surnames until the 17th century, or even later.Henry VIII (1491–1547) ordered that marital births be recorded under the surname of the father. The whole process lasted for 500 years. However, English family names differ from Chinese family names in their civilians consciousness, which can be shown in the casual choice of their family names for even a nickname, childhood name like Fox, Stout, Armstrong, Longfellow can be a person's family name. The origins of English family names can show their love for nature, respect for and sentimental attachment to everything in it. English family names like Bird, Lion, Swan, Wood, Wolf, Bush, Flower, Rose and Apple are such examples.Their family names also indicated that English people are characterised by the pursuit for novelty and oddness without an exception of their family names. According to a survey made in 1974, there were as many as 1,280,000 family names in America, among which more than 1/3 were those that had never been used before, which was obviously a result of Americans' unconventional and original personality. 2. Cultural reflections of the order of family names 2. 1 Reflection of perspective feudal history The nations with a name order of family names preceding given names usually have a long feudal history.The Han nationality have a feudal history of more than 2,500 years, which started from the Western Zhou (1066 – 771 BC)or Eastern Zhou (770 – 256 BC) Chinese society to the Opium War in1839. However, the feudal history of those nations with a name order whose given names precede family names is relatively short. Great Britain is a case in point. It only had a short feudal history of several hundred years. From the 9th century to the 11th century, Britain was still on its way to feudalization and there exited a large number of free farmers.It was only after the Norman Conquest of 1066, the feudal system was widely established in Britain. However, only several hu ndred years later, in the 14th century, its feudal system was disintegrated. When it came to the 16th century, the capitalism was widely developed, which directly led to the British Bourgeois Revolution in the 17th century. To sum up, the feudal history of Britain is very short with no more than 500 years, but its capitalism was developed quite early. 2. 2 Reflection of perspective historical traditionThe nations with a name order of family names preceding given names usually have a long feudal history, in which there wasn’t any democratic tradition and everything was determined by the will of the supreme emperors. Therefore, in those nations, given names which represent a person himself can only be put behind family names which stand for home ownership. In China, from the very beginning of family names, they were put before given names and the tradition lasted for more than 2,500 years. In these nations, although the choice of a person’s given names has always been ch anging with the era, the order of names has always been stable.On the contrary, the British and American people had their democratic tradition even in the feudal reign, which made these nations strengthened more on individual roles. Therefore, their given name which stands for the individual himself was always put before their family name which is a representation of their family. 2. 3 Reflection of their historical influence Chinese name order has a direct influence on that of its neighbouring countries like Korea, Vietnam and Japan because of its 5,000 year history of civilization. China's naming system came into being as early as the reign of Emperor Fu Xi.Its neighbouring countries like Korea, Vietnam and Japan either had long been its dependent country or using Chinese characters as their own language. They were greatly influenced by its culture. Similarly, these countries all had a long feudal history, had no democratic tradition, bordered China, used Chinese characters. There fore it was no wonder that they were sure to be influenced Chinese cultures including naming system. However, the English name order was influenced by Roman Republic in its early time. Rome became a republic in about B. C. 510.From then on, the civilians had constant fights against nobility for their rights, which was the origin of their democratic tradition. Because at that time, ancient Rome was the number one civilized country in Europe and in the course of its development it constantly expanded its territories and formed its hegemony in the Mediterranean in the 2nd century B. C. , therefore, its democratic tradition had a great influence on the formation of the national psychology of the whole Europe. Ancient Romans' name was spelled in Latin, and freeman’s name was formed by given name plus tribe or clan name, which was actually their family name.Take the famous Great Emperor Caesar of ancient Rome for example, his name was formed by three parts, that is Caius, Julius Pu blished by Canadian Center of Science and Education 227 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 11; November 2010 and Caesar. With the development of history, the middle name which was one's clan name disappeared with the diminishing power of clan. The Roman name order which strengthened individual role was widely accepted in the Miderterranean with its expansion in this area.The Latin language which was spoken by ancient Romans first replaced other languages in this area but then split into Italian, French, Portugese and Spanish with the fall of the Roman Empire. Because these languages all have Latin origin, it's natural that the name order of the Latin language permeated into their languages. 3. Reflection of current social situation Family names are not only used for addressing people, they also reflect social realities at that time. In China’s ancient Zhou Dynasty, having or not having a family name showed the contradictory relation between the ruling clas s and the working class.Before the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese women followed their husband’s family name by abandoning their original family name, which showed the feudal prejudice against and bondage upon them. After the establishment of the P. R. C. , the social status of Chinese women has been greatly improved and been considered â€Å"half sky†, they can keep their own family name when they get married. However, in England and cultures derived from there, there has long been a tradition for a woman to change her surname upon marriage from her birth name to her husband's last name.From the first known US instance of a woman keeping her birth name, Lucy Stone in 1855, there has been a general increase in the rate of women keeping their original name. This has gone through periods of flux, however, and the 1990s saw a decline in the percentage of name retention among women. As of 2004, roughly 90% of American women automatically assumed t heir husband's surname upon getting married. Even in families where the wife has kept her birth name, parents traditionally choose to give their children their father's family name.Although in America, there was a great change for married women traditionally known as Mrs [Husband's full name] into a modern Mrs [Husband's last name], the incompleteness of women's liberation can still be shown from this. To sum up, family names are not only a sign for a person but reflect culture from different aspects. And a comparison of English and Chinese family names can make us learn about the cultural differences shown from the origins and name orders, which is good for the deepening of the study of English as well as helps to promote the mutual understanding and communication of the East and the West.

Patients With Neurologic Dysfunction Health And Social Care Essay

Keshin Himura is a 42-year-old patient diagnosed with pituitary prolactinoma, a benign tumour that arises from the pituitary secretory organ, ensuing in a lessening in libido and powerlessness and increased milk production of the chest. The patient besides has ailments of concern and sleepiness and the presence of ocular field alterations and papilledema preoperatively.What postoperative attention should the nurse provide the patient?The nurse should supply the undermentioned postoperative attention to the patient: Evaluate joke physiological reaction and ability to get down Offer semisoft diet Perform neurologic cheques Monitor critical marks Maintain neurologic flow chart Reorient patient when necessary to individual, clip and topographic point If with ictuss, carefully proctor and and protect from hurt Check motor map at intervals Assess for centripetal perturbations Evaluate addressThe patient ‘s household asks the nurse how will they cognize that the jobs the patient had before surgery have stopped ; what is the nurse ‘s best response?Through observation, carry oning series of trial that will be provided by the doctor ( e.g. MRI, CT scans ) to look into if the tumours are already diminished, because presence of tumour will still suppress the marks and symptoms of the upset. The primary aim of the surgical intercession is to take or destruct the full tumour without increasing the neurologic shortage and to alleviate symptoms by decompression. And if there is no grounds of tumour, the normal degrees of endocrine would return in usual, the patient will no longer see the symptoms of the disease.What direction schemes should the nurse anticipate will be ordered to care for diabetes insipidus if it occurs?The aim of the therapy is: To replace ADH To guarantee equal fluid replacing To rectify the implicit in intracranial job ( pituitary prolactinoma ) A unstable want trial is ordered by the doctor to corroborate for the diagnosing of diabetes insipidus by: keep backing fluids by 8 to 12 hours Patient is weighed often during the trial Plasma and urine osmolality surveies are performed at the beginning and terminal of the trial. The inability to increase the specific gravitation and osmolality of the piss is an indicant of Diabetes insipidus Pharmacologic Therapy Administer Desmopressin ( DDAVP ) intranasally, BID as ordered Nursing Management Establish baseline informations ( weight, BP, I/O spiel ) , Monitor BP and weight often throughout therapy and study sudden alterations to physician Monitor I/O and specific gravitation and serum osmolality as ordered If patient has Coronary arteria disease, utilize this drug with cautiousness as this drug causes vasoconstriction Avoid concentrated fluids as this addition piss volumeWhat discharge instructions should the nurse provide the patient and household?Most patients will pass at least one dark in the intensive attention unit ( ICU ) and so typically 2 or 3 extra darks on a regular ( non-ICU ) ward after surgery The patient will probably hold some incisional hurting and mild to chair concern for which he will be given pain medicine. A CT scan or MRI will be ordered before discharge Ask patient to return 2-3weeks after surgery Inform patient to return 2-3months after 1st check-up Inform household to watch out for marks of DI ( intense thirst, frequent micturition ) . Refer instantlyManagement of Patients with Neurologic DysfunctionA ACase Study 2Hiehachi Nishima, a 22-year-old patient who weighs 150 lbs, nowadayss to the exigency section ( ED ) after being thrown from his Equus caballus and go throughing out for a few proceedingss ; he regained consciousness. The friend who was besides siting a Equus caballus called the squad. The patient presented with a GCS of 15, and the neuro test was within normal bounds ( WNL ) . The ED physician wrote the orders for a CT scan without contrast of the caput, CBC, nephritic and metabolic profile, PT, PTT, and INR. The nurse sent the labs and had the IV of NS at keep-open rate per ED protocol hanging. The nurse was expecting radiology to name for the patient to travel for the CT when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious, stiffened his full organic structure, and so had violent musculus contractions. The re spirations are really shallow, and the lips and nail bed became bluish. The patient lost control of vesica and intestine. The patient spot his lingua and blood is coming from the oral cavity. The radiology section calls and is ready for the patient.List in the right order the actions that should be taken by the nurse.Before and during a ictus, the patient is assessed and the undermentioned points are documented: The fortunes before the ictus The happening of aura The first thing the patient does in the ictus – where motions or stiffness Begins, conjugate regard place, place of caput The type of motions in the portion of the organic structure involved The countries of the organic structure involved The size of the students and whether the eyes are unfastened Whether the eyes or the caput are turned to one side The presence or absence of automatisms Incontinence of piss or stool Unconsciousness and its continuance Any obvious palsy or failing of weaponries or legs after the ictus Inability to talk after the ictus Motions at the terminal of the ictus Whether or non the patient slumbers or non afterwards Cognitive position after the ictus In add-on to supplying informations about the ictus, nursing attention is directed at forestalling hurt and back uping the patient non merely physically but besides psychologically. Consequences such as anxiousness, embarrassment, weariness, and depression can be lay waste toing to the patient. After the patient has a ictus, the nurse ‘s function is to document the events taking to and happening during and after the ictus to forestall complications.Explain what type of ictus the patient is holding, and depict the three stages of the patient ‘s ictus and the specific nursing attention for each phase.The patient had a tonic-clonic ( gran mal ) ictus. There are three stages viz. the aura, the quinine water and the clonic stage. In the aura stage is the premonition of an epileptic onslaught. It characterized by episodes of Deja vu or Jamais vu. The client may besides hold auditory, olfactory, or even ocular hallucinations, unnatural gustatory sensations, and prickling esthesiss. Physical symptoms include giddiness, concern, dizziness, sickness, numbness. Though in this instance, the client did non demo marks of the aura stage. *Nsg Mgt: Provide privateness and protect the patient from funny looker-ons Patients who have an aura may hold clip to seek a safe, private topographic point Ease the patient to the floor, if possible Loosen constricting vesture Push aside any furniture that may wound the patient during a ictus If an aura precedes the ictus, insert an unwritten air passage to cut down the possibility of the patient ‘s seize with teething the lingua The following is the tonic stage. It is normally the shortest portion of the ictus, enduring non more than merely a few seconds. In this instance, it is when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious and stiffened his full organic structure. *Nsg Mgt: Protect the caput with a tablet to forestall hurt from striking a difficult surface If the patient is in bed, take pillows and raise side tracks The last is the clonic stage. It is when the client had violent musculus contractions, really shallow respirations, the lips and nail beds became bluish, lost control of vesica and intestine and seize with teeth his lingua. *Nsg Mgt: Do non try to prise unfastened jaws that are clenched in a cramp or to infix anything. Broken dentition and hurt to the lips and lingua may ensue from such an action. No effort should be made to keep the patient during the ictus because muscular contractions are strong and restraint can do hurt If possible, place the patient on one side with caput flexed frontward, which allows the lingua to fall frontward and facilitates drainage of spit and mucous secretion. If suction is available, utilize if necessary to clear secernments.The ED physician orders the followers: Valium ( Valium ) 10 milligram every 10 to 15 proceedingss prn for ictuss ( maximal dosage of 30 milligram ) . Once seizures halt, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB. ECG monitoring continuously, VS, GCS, neuro cheques every 30 proceedingss. Explain what meds the nurse should supply, in what order, and how they should be administered.The nurse should supply Valium injection ( Valium ) 10 milligram IM PRN every 10 to 15 mins. ( max 30mg ) for his ictus to relief the musculus cramp. For the long term alleviation, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB lading dose STAT, one time the ictuss stop. Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) is an anti-seizure medicine ( anticonvulsant ) , parti cularly to forestall tonic-clonic ( expansive mal ) ictuss and complex partial ictuss ( psychomotor ictuss ) .We use piggyback to administrate different IV drugs at different times. Dilantin can do crossness to the venas and can do serious tissue and/or nervus harm if it infiltrates. So we should administrate it with normal saline. Pull up the drugs in a syringe and attach it to the piggyback port on the IV tube cassette, which is run at the same time with the primary IV fluid ( normal saline ) . Run it easy and maintain an oculus on the ECG proctor. This ECG monitoring should be done continuously to assist place irregular pulses. For the critical marks, Glasgow coma graduated table and neuro V/S, it should be look into every 30 proceedingss to supply dependable, nonsubjective manner of entering the witting province of a individual for initial every bit good as subsequent appraisal.Group AssignmentsHave each member reference nursing direction related to caring for an unconscious pat ient. Preventing Urinary Retention Palpate vesica at intervals to find whether urinary keeping is present If patient is non invalidating, an indwelling catheter is inserted and connected to a closed drainage system as ordered Observe for febrility and cloudy piss for infection Observe the country around the urethral opening for any drainage Equally shortly as consciousness is regained, a bladder-training plan initiated Promote Bowel Function Assess venters for dilatation by listening for intestine sounds ( irregular rippling sounds should be heard every 5-20sec ) Measuring the girth of the venters with a tape step. Proctor for the figure and consistence of intestine motions Perform rectal scrutiny for marks of faecal impaction as ordered. Stool softeners may be prescribed and can be administered with tubing eatings Glycerin suppository may be indicated to ease intestine emptying May require clyster every other twenty-four hours to empty lower colon Maintain Skin and Joint Integrity Monitor force per unit area countries for possible ulcerations Establish a regular agenda of turning to avoid force per unit area, which can do breakdown and mortification of the tegument This provides kinaesthetic, proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation Avoid dragging and drawing the patient up in the bed, because this creates a shearing force and clash on the tegument surface Maintain correct organic structure place Passive exercising of the appendages is of import to forestall contractures Splints or foam boots may be used to forestall foot bead and force per unit area of bedding on the toes Trochanter axial rotations may be used to back up the hip articulations and maintain the legs in proper alliance Supplying Mouth Care Inspect oral cavity for waterlessness, redness, and crusting Cleanse and rinse oral cavity carefully to take secernments and crusts and to maintain the mucose membranes moist Administer petroleum jelly on the lips to forestall drying, checking and incrustations. If patient has an endotracheal tubing, the tubing should be moved to the opposite side of the oral cavity and lips Perform everyday tooth brushing every 8hrs to diminish ventilator-associated pneumonia Keeping the Airway Promote the caput of bed to 30 grades to forestall aspiration. Topographic point the client in sidelong place to let the jaw and lingua to fall frontward to advance drainage of secernments. Suction for secernments as needed Maintain unwritten hygiene Chest physical therapy and postural drainage to advance pneumonic hygiene Auscultate the patient ‘s thorax every 8 hours to measure for any deviated breath sounds. If the patient has a mechanical ventilator, maintain the patency of the endotracheal tubing or tracheotomy, supply unwritten attention, monitor arterial blood gas measurings and keeping ventilator scenes. Protecting the Patient Raise side rails up every bit ever to forestall hurt Ensure the patient ‘s self-respect during altered LOC, talking to the client during nursing attention activities. Keeping Fluid Balance and Managing Nutritional Needs Assess tegument turgor and mucose membrane for waterlessness Monitor for consumption and end product and find the demands for catheterisation Continuing Corneal Integrity Patient ‘s eyes may be cleansed with cotton balls moistened with unfertile normal saline to take any discharge. For unreal cryings ( prescription by the doctor ) , may present every 2 hours. Keeping Body Temperature The environment can be adjusted ( depending on the patient ‘s status ) to advance normal organic structure temperature. If body temperature is elevated, a minimal sum of bedclothes is used. For geriatric patients and does n't hold any elevated temperature, a heater environment is needed. Supplying Centripetal Stimulation Communicate with patient, and promote the household members to make it so. Orient the patient to clip, day of the month, and topographic point one time for every 8 hours. Have each group member develop a nursing diagnosing related to a patient with an altered degree of consciousness. Identify possible jobs and complications related to the nursing diagnosing.Nursing DiagnosisPotential Problems and Complications1. Ineffective airway clearance related to altered degree of consciousness Aspiration 2. Hazard for impaired tegument unity related to prolonged stationariness Bed sore Pressure ulceration 3. Impaired Urinary riddance: keeping related to impairment in neurologic detection and control Bladder dilatation Infection Formation of rocks 4. Impaired tissue unity of cornea related to decrease or remove corneal physiological reaction Periorbital hydrops Ulcers Corneal scratchs 5. Deficient fluid volume related to inability to take fluids by oral cavity Dehydration Cerebral hydrops 6. Interrupted household processes related to alterations in the cognitive and physical position of their loved 1 Crisis Severe anxiousness, denial, choler, compunction, heartache, and rapprochement 7. Hazard for hurt related to decreased LOC Fallss 8. Ineffective thermoregulation related to damage to hypothalamic centre Hyperthermia 9. Impaired unwritten mucose membrane related to talk external respiration, absence of guttural physiological reaction and altered fluid intake Dryness Inflammation Crusting 10. Bowel incontinency related to impairment neurologic detection and control Abdominal dilatation Diarrhea Frequent loose stools As a group, place possible complications that may originate in the postoperative stage of cranial surgery. Increased ICP Monro-Kellie hypothesis provinces that, because of the limited infinite for enlargement within the skull, an addition in any one of the constituents causes a alteration in the volume of the others.because encephalon tissue has limited infinite to spread out, compensation typically is accomplished by displacing or switching CSF, increasing the soaking up or decreasing the production of CSF, or diminishing intellectual volume ensuing to an addition ICP. Bleeding and hypovolaemic daze An accretion of blood under the bone flap ( epidural, subdural, or intracerebral haematoma ) may present a menace to life. A coagulum must be suspected in any patient who does non rouse as expected or whose conditions deteriorates. Fluid and electrolyte perturbations IV solutions and blood constituent therapy for patients with intracranial conditions must be administered easy. If they are administered excessively quickly, they can increase ICP. The measure of fluids administered may be restricted to minimise the possibility of intellectual hydrops. Infection The hazard of infection is great when ICP is monitored with an intraventricular catheter and increases with the continuance of the monitoring. Seizures Underliing cause is an electrical perturbation in the nervus cells in one subdivision of the encephalon. An unnatural motor, sensory, autonomic, or physical activity that consequence from sudden inordinate discharge from intellectual nerve cells. Have each group member place a type of ictus. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosing, and intervention of each.Generalized Seizures:This are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in the whole encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes loss of consciousness for a short or long period of clip.Types of SeizureClinical Manifestationâ€Å" Grand Mal † or Generalized tonic-clonicUnconsciousness Paroxysms Muscle rigidnessAbsenceShort loss of unconsciousnessMyoclonicIrregular jerked meat motionsClonicInsistent jerked meat motionsTonicMuscle stiffness and rigidnessAtonicLoss of musculus tone Diagnosis: Physical scrutiny peculiarly neurologic scrutiny Electroencephalogram For impermanent and reversible causes of ictuss: Blood chemical science Blood sugar Complete Blood Count Cerebrospinal fluid analysis Kidney map trial Liver map trials Trial to find the cause and location: EEG ( electroencephalograph ) to mensurate the electrical activity in the encephalon Head CT or MRI scan Lumbar puncture-spinal pat Treatment: When a ictus occurs, protect the individual from hurt, make the environment safe for you and the patient. Protect the patient ‘s caput Loosen tight vesture Put the patient into a side-lying place if vomiting occurs Stay with patient until she or he is to the full recovered Monitor the patient ‘s critical marks Medicines such as antiepileptics may be given as ordered to cut down the figure of future ictuss. The DO N'T ‘s During Seizures: Do n't keep the patient Do n't put anything between the patient ‘s dentition during a ictus Do n't travel the patient unless he or she is in danger or near something risky Do n't seek to halt the patient from convulsing.Partial Seizures:This are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in one portion of the encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes unnatural musculus motions, automatisms, unnatural esthesiss, hallucinations, sickness, perspiration, dilated students, rapid bosom rate and pulsation rate, alterations in vision.Types of SeizureClinical ManifestationSimple( consciousness is integral ) Jerky motions Muscle rigidness, cramp Unusual esthesis Memory and emotional perturbationComplex( consciousness is impaired ) Automatisms: lip slap, masticating, walking and insistent involuntary and coordinated motions Diagnosis: CT scan Magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalogram EEG-video recordings Treatment: Vagus Nerve Stimulation in which a little battery is implanted in the chest wall which will plan to present short explosions of energy to the encephalon. Corpus Callosotomy is a type of surgical intercession that will cut the connexions between the two sides of the encephalon that will forestall bead attacks.. Multiple sub-pial transection which is a surgical technique that will cut a certain connexion between nervus cells.

COmments and Answer Example

COmments and Answer Example COmments and Answer – Essay Example Comments With the increase of devices such as smart phones and tablets, people are inevitably going to feel more comfortable to participate in auctions or give to charity through using these devices. Of course, there will still be a certain percentage of people who prefer to buy goods or donate in person, but these types of people are becoming rarer. By allowing online interaction, the chances of making a sale or receiving funds increases significantly because a wider group of the population can be reached. The onus is on business owners and marketers to take advantage of this new form of spending and donating by developing an online presence. 2. When it comes to Internet shopping, convenience is number one. Online vendors want to make it as easy as possible for you to part with your money, so they will offer incentives to try and get you to do so. By selling the merchandise to a consumer by not releasing the title until the outstanding balance is paid off, the power of the contract remains with the vendor. This is clever on the part of Internet marketers because they receive money from customers who do not actually own the product. From the customer’s point of view, it allows virtually anyone to be able to make purchase online because funds upfront are not required. 3. The rise of the Internet in the 1990s resulted in a trade boom due to the ease at which to conduct international business. Where once it took quite some time to build up a list of suppliers, the Internet provides a platform that matchers buyers and suppliers alike. The one downside to this is that there is little regulation and contracts can be difficult to enforce. 4. I have never had the experience of a manufacturer not making good on a product warranty. I did, however, have a good experience with a warranty when my new Xbox 360 was constantly overheating. As it was virtually brand new, I was able to get it covered under the terms of the warranty. As far as I can remember it was an express warranty because a small leaflet was included in the box when I bought it. 5. While the company was only fulfilling its warranty agreement when sending you out the first wheel, it did not necessarily have to send out another one. That the company would do this shows that it has a strong customer focus and would stop at nothing to make its valued customers feel happy. 6. Electronic manufacturers tend to be pretty happy to replace whole products or defective parts if they aren’t working. The reason perhaps for this is because electronic goods have to be continually replaced to keep up with the change in technology. These companies realize that by keeping you happen, you are more likely to buy the updated version of that product when it is released. While these companies may appear to be nice, they are doing so for their own future benefit.

Five Reasons Why Blogging Improves Your Writing

Five Reasons Why Blogging Improves Your Writing Five Reasons Why Blogging Improves Your Writing Five Reasons Why Blogging Improves Your Writing By Ali Hale Do you have your own blog? If so, do you sometimes feel guilty about spending time writing for your blog rather than working on something which you consider more â€Å"worthwhile†? If you don’t have a blog, have you ever thought of starting one? Perhaps you’re not sure whether it would be worth the investment of your time and energy. Here are five great ways that starting your own blog, or continuing writing the one you already have, can improve your writing. 1. You’ll get into the habit of writing regularly We’ve covered ways to write every day before, and this really is a good habit to establish if you have serious writing ambitions. Blog posts tend to be short and can be online as soon as you’ve written them: it’s much easier to write daily on your blog than to keep plugging away on stories and articles that might not be published for months, if at all. 2. Instant feedback lets you know how you’re doing If you are writing purely for yourself, you don’t need feedback. Most of us, though, feel that a piece of writing is not complete until it has a reader. (Indeed, there is a school of critical theory that insists a piece of writing only truly exists whilst it is being read.) One of the best things about blogging is that not only is publishing instant, feedback is too. As soon as your piece is posted, readers will start adding their comments, emailing you, or even linking to it from their own blogs. You’ll know when your writing is good because you’ll get positive responses. Negative feedback, or none at all, will tip you off that your style might need work, or that the content of your piece may be boring, trite or over-done. 3. Having readers for your work is a big motivation Do you have days when you sit down to write †¦ and stare at the screen for ages before giving up in frustration? Sometimes you just aren’t â€Å"in the mood† to write. When you’re feeling motivated, though, the words come easily. Knowing that real people are reading what you write is a huge boost – something you can only appreciate once you’ve experienced it. Even on days when you’re feeling less than inspired, the thought of your readers can be enough to get you writing. 4. Your writing will improve The best way to get better at anything is to practice. Writing frequently for your blog means your writing will improve – both as you react to feedback, and as you learn how to craft effective sentences and choose perfect words. If you already write a blog, look back at your earliest posts. Do they make you cringe, when compared to your writing now? 5. Blogs are an ideal medium for experimentation Sometimes, you might want to try out a new style or form of writing. Short sentences. (With no verbs.) Bullet pointed lists A more verbose, elegant and poised style, using the rhythms and cadences of the English language to transform a piece of writing into a work of art. Writing a whole story, article or even a book in a new style could be a big risk – what if it doesn’t work? A blog post, on the other hand, is quick to write and free to publish: if it fails, you’ve not lost much. Blogging gives you the freedom to experiment, to try out something new. If blogging’s made you a better writer, let us know how in the comments below. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'tsâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

PART (a), Write a fiction story a single piece of 2500 words in form Essay

PART (a), Write a fiction story a single piece of 2500 words in form of a complete story. PART (b). Write a reflective commen - Essay Example Suddenly, John’s daughter entered and handed over a certificate to him. He asked, â€Å"From where did you get this certificate?† â€Å"I got it from the old shelf†, she answered. John returned the certificate and answered to his daughter, â€Å"This certifies that your father was a scapegoat of his father’s decision, nothing special. But ask your mother to keep it safe.† Then he asked his wife in a low but sweet voice, â€Å"Bella, can I have your help to walk the dogs?† Isabella answered, â€Å"Yes, if I have 10 or 12 hands. Can’t you see that I am busy with the kid?† Isabella entered the yard with their child and looked at John. She saw that John is still sitting on his chair. But he was trying to go through his past, as an obedient student. Noticing the certificate, she kept silent for a while and said in a sarcastic voice, â€Å"Sorry John, I was not aware of the fact that you are still clinging to your past.† She re alized that the certificate led John to ponder over his past, as an obedient student and existentialist. John changed his dress and walked to their farm with his wife and children. *** I still remember my kid’s childhood because he was never a nuisance to me. Can you imagine a child who is amiable and amicable? It is him. But his elder brother was quarrelsome and he tried his level best to please his pa. During his adolescent age, my child developed enthusiasm towards nature. He used to ask several questions about the secret behind the living world. He was aware of the fact that his father will not lend his ear to his words. During his teenage, my child faced a number of problems within our personal domain. I still remember that incident. One day, my old man asked my son to reveal his ambition. He plainly answered that his aim is to become an organic farmer. This conversation transformed our family into a hell. My old man scolded my child and made clear that he will not allow him to be a farmer. By the by, my old man is a businessman, who used to import and sell plastic toys from China. He never tried to understand that human beings are different in their attitude towards life. Some people consider that business is the core of success. Some others consider that rustic life is most suitable for human beings because the same never leave any carbon footprint. Personally, I belong to a rural family and I am aware of the importance of farming within human life. Still, it is difficult to prove that farming is better than business. The happiness that can be seen in a farmer’s face on seeing that his plants are growing cannot be compared to a businessman’s happiness. So, my old man decided to send my child to a boarding school. Still, someone was smiling, my other child. My child spent his teenage at a boarding school. After completing his school education, my child returned. He did not try to face his father, but revealed his future plan to me. H e told me that he does not like to be a businessman because he does not expect any profit in his life. I told him that his elder brother did complete MBA and is helping his father. Then, he told me that his burden is lifted because two aggressive lions cannot live in a forest. But I told him that a lion and a number of foxes can live in a forest. He answered that he does not like to be a fox in his life, but the lion in his own territory. But the problem was not over because my old man once more intruded into my child’s life and sent him to a famous business school to continue his higher